Japan often insists that it does not have an immigration policy.
Successive governments have repeated this position for decades.
Even when expanding programs that allow foreign nationals to work and stay in the country, officials maintain that these measures do not constitute “immigration policy.”
This claim rests on a narrow definition adopted by the Cabinet in 2018:
immigration policy is defined only as a policy that encourages the permanent, large-scale settlement of foreign families.
Under this definition, Japan can expand labor migration while continuing to say that it has no immigration policy.
But the reality is different.
1. Japan already relies on foreign workers
Over the past decade, Japan has significantly expanded pathways for foreign nationals to work in the country.
Programs such as:
- Technical Intern Training
- Specified Skilled Worker
- Highly Skilled Professional
- and the upcoming Ikusei Shūrō system
have brought hundreds of thousands of workers into the Japanese labor market.
These programs are not temporary in practice.
Many participants remain in Japan for years, transition to new statuses, or build lives in local communities.
When a system allows people to live, work, and sometimes settle for extended periods, it is already shaping immigration in substance.
Calling it something else does not change that reality.
2. The risks of policy built on “tatemae”
The insistence that Japan has “no immigration policy” may once have served a political purpose.
It allowed governments to expand labor migration while avoiding domestic controversy.
However, this approach now creates structural problems.
If migration policy is denied in principle, it becomes difficult to openly discuss:
- long-term integration
- labor mobility
- family life
- education and language policy
- community coexistence
Instead, policies are introduced piecemeal, often designed to solve immediate labor shortages rather than long-term societal challenges.
In other words, the debate remains trapped in administrative management, rather than evolving into a coherent social policy.
3. The Balanced Coexistence perspective
The Balanced Coexistence Model begins from a simple premise:
migration should be managed openly, transparently, and realistically.
Pretending that migration does not exist does not reduce migration.
It merely obscures the responsibilities that accompany it.
A sustainable framework requires acknowledging three simultaneous realities:
Japan needs foreign workers.
Foreign nationals seek stable and dignified lives.
Local communities must remain socially and economically balanced.
The task of policy is not to deny these realities, but to align them.
4. From denial to design
Japan now stands at an important crossroads.
Demographic decline is accelerating.
Labor shortages are spreading across industries.
Foreign residents are becoming a visible part of everyday life.
Under these conditions, continuing to rely on semantic distinctions will not be enough.
The question is no longer whether Japan has an immigration policy.
The real question is whether Japan will design one deliberately, or continue allowing it to evolve indirectly through fragmented programs.
Balanced coexistence requires moving from denial to design.
If Japan can take that step, it may discover that the path forward is not simply “more migration” or “less migration,” but a carefully constructed balance between openness, order, and shared responsibility.
And that balance is precisely what the Balanced Coexistence Model seeks to explore.