Introduction
With globalization accelerating, many countries are exploring how best to accept and integrate foreigners into their societies. Japan, facing challenges such as a declining birthrate and labor shortages, has been increasing its acceptance of foreign workers. However, issues related to social integration and coexistence are becoming increasingly apparent. In this context, Switzerland—a country where over 25% of the population holds foreign nationality and which has a complex linguistic and cultural background—offers valuable insights as also mentioned in the article of Yahoo News 2025/5/23. This paper examines the key characteristics of Switzerland’s foreigner integration policies and considers how Japan could apply similar principles in its own context.
Background and Basic Framework of Switzerland’s Integration Policy
Switzerland is a multilingual country with four national languages (German, French, Italian, and Romansh) and a high degree of autonomy at the canton (state) level. Consequently, integration policies are not implemented uniformly across the country but are adapted to the conditions of each region.
The foundation of Switzerland’s integration policy lies not in forced assimilation but in mutual integration. This approach encourages immigrants to adapt to Swiss values and systems while also requiring the host society to respect cultural diversity and provide support. This principle was clearly outlined in the Federal Government’s “National Integration Plan” introduced in 2008.
Key Features of Switzerland’s Integration Policy
1. Regionally Driven Integration Support
In Switzerland, integration policies are primarily executed at the local level, led by individual cantons and municipalities. Each canton appoints an “integration officer” who acts as a liaison between the government and immigrant communities. For example, in the Canton of Zurich, multilingual administrative information is provided, cultural events are supported, and public courses are offered—demonstrating a practical and culturally inclusive approach.
2. Emphasis on Language Education
Language acquisition is considered a key factor in integration. In most cantons, immigrants are required to learn the local language, which varies depending on the region. The government and municipalities offer language courses either free of charge or at low cost. Acquiring language proficiency is also often a condition for obtaining permanent residency or citizenship, thereby serving as both support and motivation for integration.
3. Introduction of Integration Agreements
In some cantons, foreigners are required to sign an integration agreement when applying for residence permits. These agreements typically outline obligations such as attending language classes, participating in local community activities, and seeking employment or education. The agreement system clarifies both the immigrants’ responsibilities and the authorities’ commitment to providing support, promoting mutual accountability.
4. Educational Support for Children and Youth
Children and youth from immigrant backgrounds receive extensive support in Switzerland. In addition to language instruction, “transition support” is offered to help students make informed decisions about post-compulsory education and vocational training. Early intervention in the education system builds a solid foundation for long-term integration.
5. Anti-Discrimination Efforts and Promotion of Social Cohesion
Switzerland also tackles discrimination as part of its integration strategy. Anti-discrimination counseling offices exist throughout the country to assist victims of racism and religious intolerance. Public awareness campaigns and events promoting multicultural understanding are frequently held, aiming to foster social cohesion and inclusive values across the population.
Lessons Japan Can Learn from Switzerland
Switzerland’s integration policies offer numerous points from which Japan can draw inspiration. The following are five areas particularly worth considering:
1. Building Locally Led Integration Systems
In Japan, integration efforts are generally led by the national government. However, adopting a regionally tailored approach like Switzerland’s could allow for more responsive and effective policies. Appointing integration coordinators in municipalities would enable closer communication with immigrant communities and better reflect local needs.
2. Strengthening Language Education and Institutional Orientation
Language education is essential for enabling foreigners to become self-reliant and actively participate in society. Japan should provide public Japanese language education and make it easily accessible, just as Switzerland does for its national languages. Orientation programs that introduce societal rules and systems would also help prevent misunderstandings and friction.
3. Adopting Integration Agreements
Switzerland’s integration agreement model could serve as a useful reference for Japan. By defining both parties’ responsibilities, such agreements promote mutual trust and shared goals. Encouraging immigrants to take initiative while committing to official support could enhance long-term integration outcomes.
4. Early Intervention and Educational Assistance
With the number of foreign children increasing in Japan, early-stage educational support is becoming crucial. Language support prior to entering school and career guidance after compulsory education, as practiced in Switzerland, could prevent marginalization and support equal opportunities.
5. Promoting Multicultural Coexistence and Public Awareness
Despite Japan’s growing diversity, stereotypes and prejudice toward foreigners remain persistent. Switzerland’s public education campaigns and anti-discrimination initiatives could be adapted to Japan’s context to foster broader acceptance of multiculturalism. Incorporating multicultural values into school curricula and public discourse would be a crucial step forward.
Conclusion
Switzerland’s integration policies are comprehensive and based on the principle of mutual adaptation. The country supports immigrants through language education, employment assistance, civic participation, and anti-discrimination initiatives while expecting active engagement from the newcomers. This balance of support and responsibility contributes to a relatively high level of immigrant participation in Swiss society.
For Japan, foreign residents should not be seen merely as a short-term labor force but as part of a long-term vision for a cohesive and diverse society. Learning from Switzerland’s successes, Japan can develop its own model of integration that suits its cultural and institutional environment. Moving toward this goal requires not only policy reform but also a shift in public attitudes toward greater inclusiveness and mutual respect.